African antelope crossword clue 5 letters

African antelope is a crossword puzzle clue that we have spotted over 20 times. There are related clues (shown below). Referring crossword puzzle answers. Sort A-Z. GNU. …

African antelope crossword clue 5 letters. The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "spiral horned southern african antelope fringed with white hair (5)", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues.

Answers for African antelope/196614/ crossword clue, 5 letters. Search for crossword clues found in the Daily Celebrity, NY Times, Daily Mirror, Telegraph and major publications. Find clues for African antelope/196614/ or most any crossword answer or clues for crossword answers.

The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "african pygmie antelope", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues.Use the "Crossword Q & A" community to ask for help. If you haven't solved the crossword clue Oxlike African antelope yet try to search our Crossword Dictionary by entering the letters you already know! (Enter a dot for each missing letters, e.g. "P.ZZ.." will find "PUZZLE".)Species of antelope (5) Crossword Clue Here is the solution for the Species of antelope (5) clue featured on December 31, 2023. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 94% match which has a length of 5 letters. You can unveil this answer gradually, one letter at a time, or ...Recent usage in crossword puzzles: New York Times - May 5, 2013; New York Times - May 22, 2011Southern African antelope, Pelea capreolus (6) Crossword Clue Here is the solution for the Southern African antelope, Pelea capreolus (6) clue featured on February 22, 2024. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 95% match which has a length of 6 letters. …Crossword Clue. Here is the answer for the crossword clue African antelope, also known as wildebeest featured on February 6, 2024. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 95% match which has a length of 3 letters.The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "African antelope snared by many, alas (5)", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues.African antelopes is a crossword puzzle clue that we have spotted over 20 times. There are related clues (shown below). Referring crossword puzzle answers. Sort A-Z. GNUS; ELANDS; GOAS; IMPALAS ... Pat Sajak Code Letter - Feb. 9, 2017; Penny Dell - Jan. 7, 2017; Penny Dell - July 4, 2016; Boatload - June 27, 2016;

The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "AFRICAN ANTELOPE 7", 7 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required.(Other definitions for kudu that I've seen before include "Antelope with spiral horns" , "Spiral-horned antelope" , "African antelope with long spiralling horns" .) I've seen this clue in the Penny Press, The Sun, The New York Times and The Sunday Times.This crossword clue was last seen on December 25 2023 Thomas Joseph Crossword puzzle. The solution we have for African antelope has a total of 5 letters. The solution we have for African antelope has a total of 5 letters.I've seen this clue in The Sunday Times and The Times. Hey! My name is Ross. I'm an AI who can help you with any crossword clue for free. Check out my app or learn more about the Crossword Genius project. Small African antelope, males of which have straight horns - Crossword Clue and Answer.The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "South African antelope (3)", 3 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required.

The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "Large South African antelope (5)", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . A clue is required. The complex story of how nine young African Americans became an international phenomenon is told at the Scottsboro Boys Museum. Share Last Updated on January 10, 2023 Celebrities i...The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "A spiral horned South African antelope (5)", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required.Some of the many African animals are the hippopotamus, lion, bongo and kudu antelope, vervet monkey, zebra, giraffe, elephant, white rhinoceros, hedgehog, African fish eagle, bonob...The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "African antelope with lyre shaped horns (6)/713300/", 6 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . A clue is required.

Weis hours.

The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "rare spiral horned antelope of central africa (5)", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . A clue is required.Spiral-horned southern African antelope (5) Crossword Clue Here is the solution for the Spiral-horned southern African antelope (5) clue featured on April 4, 2024. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 94% match which has a length of 5 letters. You can unveil this answer ...The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "small antelope (5)", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required.Crossword Clue. Here is the answer for the crossword clue South African antelope. featured on December 31, 1958. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 95% match which has a length of 7 letters. We think the likely answer to this clue is BLESBOK.We found 25 answers and 2 "crossword-did-you-knows" for the crossword clue Antelope.A further 50 clues may be related.. If you haven't solved the crossword clue Antelope yet try to search our Crossword Dictionary by entering the letters you already know! (Enter a dot for each missing letters, e.g. "P.ZZ.." will find "PUZZLE".)

The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "Large African antelope (3)", 3 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required.Large long-horned African antelope. Crossword Clue Here is the solution for the Large long-horned African antelope clue featured in Guardian Quick puzzle on June 1, 2022. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 95% match which has a length of 4 letters. You can unveil this ...The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "Small South African antelope (6)", 6 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required.The term 'Antelope South African' refers to six species of antelope native to South Africa. These include the ELAND (5 letters), NYALA (5 letters), ORIBI (5 letters), GNU (3 letters), IMPALA (6 letters), ORYX (4 letters), and GEMSBOK (7 letters). All of these animals are found in the savannas, grasslands, and woodlands of South Africa and are ...African Antelope Crossword Clue 5 Letters. Five slots in your puzzle? There's a handful of answers for that too! These are the most common antelopes with five letters in their names. Eland. Elands hold the record for the largest antelopes in the world. They look like cows and have horns that spiral tightly. They also have small lines around ...We found 3 answers for the crossword clue Small antelope.A further 14 clues may be related.. If you haven't solved the crossword clue Small antelope yet try to search our Crossword Dictionary by entering the letters you already know! (Enter a dot for each missing letters, e.g. "P.ZZ.." will find "PUZZLE".)SMALL AFRICAN ANTELOPE 5 Answers in the Crossword-Dictionary from 5 - 12 letters ️ SMALL AFRICAN ANTELOPE Crossword-Solver. Your Dictionary since 2008.The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "large spiral horned african antelope", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . A clue is required.impalas. 'antelopes' is the definition. (I know this) This is all the clue.Here is the solution for the Largest antelopes clue featured in USA Today puzzle on December 16, 2023. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 95% match which has a length of 4 letters. You can unveil this answer gradually, one letter at a time, or reveal it all at once.African antelope (Var.) Crossword Clue Here is the answer for the crossword clue African antelope (Var.) featured on December 31, 2013. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 95% match which has a length of 5 letters.

The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "spiral horned african antelope", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required. Sort by Length.

The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "An African antelope (6)", 6 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues.Feature Vignette: Marketing. Feature Vignette: Revenue. Feature Vignette: Analytics. Our crossword solver found 10 results for the crossword clue "african antelope".Are you a crossword puzzle enthusiast who loves the thrill of deciphering clues and filling in those elusive squares? If so, you know that sometimes even the most experienced puzzl...The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "the spanish, also african antelope (5)", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues.Jan 22, 2017 · Crossword Clue. Here is the answer for the crossword clue Small African antelope featured on January 22, 2017. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 95% match which has a length of 5 letters. We think the likely answer to this clue is ORIBI. The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "big african antelope", 4 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required.Answers for Striped African animal (5) crossword clue, 5 letters. Search for crossword clues found in the Daily Celebrity, NY Times, Daily Mirror, Telegraph and major publications. ... Vertically striped African antelopes INDRI: African animal almost weed on Imogen's jacket (5) NYALA: African animal area located between two major US cities (5)Answers for Small African antelope. (5) crossword clue, 5 letters. Search for crossword clues found in the Daily Celebrity, NY Times, Daily Mirror, Telegraph and major publications. Find clues for Small African antelope. (5) or most any crossword answer or clues for crossword answers.If you haven't solved the crossword clue Small African antelope yet try to search our Crossword Dictionary by entering the letters you already know! (Enter a dot for each missing letters, e.g. "P.ZZ.." will find "PUZZLE".) Also look at the related clues for crossword clues with similar answers to "Small African antelope"Orange-brown antelopes of SE Africa (4) Crossword Clue Here is the answer for the crossword clue Orange-brown antelopes of SE Africa (4) featured on May 4, 2024. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 95% match which has a length of 4 letters.

The mimic chapter 1 maze map.

River valley square shopping center.

Crossword Clue. Here is the solution for the Spiral-horned antelope clue featured in LA Times Daily puzzle on August 24, 2023. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 95% match which has a length of 5 letters. You can unveil this answer gradually, one letter at a time, or ...The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "african antelope (3)", 3 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required.Answer. Old bone on one antelope. 5 letters. oribi. Definition: 1. A small African antelope, Ourebia ourebi, of grasslands and bush south of the Sahara, with fawn-coloured coat and, in the male, ridged spikelike horns. View more information about oribi. Based on the answers listed above, we also found some clues that are possibly similar or ...African antelope (Var.) Crossword Clue Here is the answer for the crossword clue African antelope (Var.) featured on December 31, 2013. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 95% match which has a length of 5 letters.The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "african antelope (3)", 3 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required.The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "An African antelope", 4 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required.The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "large african antelope with long straight horns (4)/765145", 4 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues.All crossword answers with 4-5 Letters for African antelope with spiral horns found in daily crossword puzzles: NY Times, Daily Celebrity, Telegraph, LA Times and more. ... Know another solution for crossword clues containing African antelope with spiral horns? Add your answer to the crossword database now. Clue. Answer. What is 7 + 7.This crossword clue was last seen on December 25 2023 Thomas Joseph Crossword puzzle. The solution we have for African antelope has a total of 5 letters. The solution we have for African antelope has a total of 5 letters. ….

The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "african antelope or a chevrolet model", 9 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Was the Clue Answered? Place in Saskatchewan or a ... The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "S African antelope (9)", 9 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required. This clue has been used by other publishers in the past, and they have had different answers when published, so the below list is a compilation of all known answers that have been used for this clue. GNU (3 letters) ORYX (4 letters) ELAND (5 letters) NYALA (5 letters) ORIBI (5 letters) KUDU (4 letters)This clue has been used by other publishers in the past, and they have had different answers when published, so the below list is a compilation of all known answers that have been used for this clue. GNU (3 letters) ORYX (4 letters) ELAND (5 letters) NYALA (5 letters) ORIBI (5 letters) KUDU (4 letters)The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "A large South African antelope (5)", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues.The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "Small African antelope, males of which have straight horns", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue.Other crossword clues with similar answers to 'African antelopes'. African herd. African herd animals. African migrators. African natives have information to announce. African runners, the latest to be picked up. Animals celebrated revolution. Animals in European countries.The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "big african antelope", 4 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required. African antelope crossword clue 5 letters, The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "Antelope of Matabeleland (5)", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues., We found 17 answers for the crossword clue African antelope . A further 24 clues may be related. If you haven't solved the crossword clue African antelope yet try to search our Crossword Dictionary by entering the letters you already know! (Enter a dot for each missing letters, e.g. “P.ZZ..” will find “PUZZLE”.), Crossword Clue Here is the answer for the crossword clue Large desert-living African antelope with long twisted horns featured in Mirror Quiz puzzle on April 24, 2024. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 95% match which has a length, All crossword answers with 5 Letters for African antelope with twisted horns found in daily crossword puzzles: NY Times, Daily Celebrity, Telegraph, LA Times and more. ... Know another solution for crossword clues containing African antelope with twisted horns? Add your answer to the crossword database now. Clue. Answer. What is 5 + 8., The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "Spiral horned South African antelope", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . A clue is required., The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "Ox like African antelope", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required., On this page, you will find the African antelopes crossword clue answers and solutions. This clue was last seen on February 9 2024 at the popular LA Times Crossword Puzzle ... The solution we have for African antelopes has a total of 4 letters. Answer. 1 G. 2 N. 3 U. 4 S. Other February 9 2024 Puzzle Clues. There are a total of 80 clues in ..., Here is the solution for the Large African antelope with twisted horns (5) clue featured on March 23, 2024. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 94% match which has a length of 5 letters. You can unveil this answer gradually, one letter at a time, or reveal it all at once., The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "Slender antelope of southern Africa (5)", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required., All solutions for "Spiral-horned African antelope" 27 letters crossword clue - We have 3 answers with 5 letters. Solve your "Spiral-horned African antelope" crossword puzzle fast & easy with the-crossword-solver.com, Crossword Clue. Here is the answer for the crossword clue Big African antelope featured on January 2, 2021. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 95% match which has a length of 3 letters. We think the likely answer to this clue is GNU., Here is the solution for the Largest antelopes clue featured in USA Today puzzle on December 16, 2023. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 95% match which has a length of 4 letters. You can unveil this answer gradually, one letter at a time, or reveal it all at once., Spiral-horned antelope. While searching our database we found 1 possible solution for the: Spiral-horned antelope crossword clue. This crossword clue was last seen on August 24 2023 LA Times Crossword puzzle. The solution we have for Spiral-horned antelope has a total of 5 letters. Answer., The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "Antelope of Matabeleland (5)", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues., The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "African antelope with long slightly twisted horns (5)", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues., Here is the answer for the crossword clue A large North African antelope with loosely spiralled horns (5) featured on March 31, 2024. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 95% match which has a length of 5 letters., With our crossword solver search engine you have access to over 7 million clues. You can narrow down the possible answers by specifying the number of letters it contains. We found more than 3 answers for Small African Antelope. ., Having trouble solving the crossword clue "Southern African antelope"? Why not give our database a shot. You can search by using the letters you already have! ... Southern African antelope: 5 letters: nyala: Definition: 1. spiral-horned South African antelope with a fringe of white hairs along back and neck ; View more information about nyala., Answers for antelope (5) crossword clue, 5 letters. Search for crossword clues found in the Daily Celebrity, NY Times, Daily Mirror, Telegraph and major publications. Find clues for antelope (5) or most any crossword answer or clues for crossword answers., Answers for ANTELOPE OF AFRICA crossword clue. Search for crossword clues ⏩ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22 Letters. Solve crossword ..., On this page you will find the Savannah antelope crossword puzzle clue answers and solutions. This clue was last seen on March 19 2023 at the popular LA Times Crossword Puzzle ... The solution we have for Savannah antelope has a total of 5 letters. ... African antelope; Savannah grazer; Related Answers. We have found 0 other crossword answers ..., Large African antelopes, also called wildebeests (4) Crossword Clue Here is the solution for the Large African antelopes, also called wildebeests (4) clue featured on March 23, 2024. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 95% match which has a length of 4 letters. You can ..., Impala's cousin. Topi's relative. Eland's cousin. Wildebeest's cousin. Bushbuck. Kudu's kin. Svelte veldt animal. Crossword answers for 'large african antelope' (15 exact answers, 83 possible answers). We think the answer is ELAND, last seen in The Guardian Quick., Show 2 answers. All 2 Answers for: African antelope with spiral hornsindividual, someone, soul, mortal, person, somebody. Answer. Letters. Options. African antelope with spiral horns with 4 Letters. KUDU. 4. African antelope with spiral horns with 5 Letters., The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "antelope of south africa", 6 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required., Back-to-back letters of credit occur when a buyer gives a letter of credit to a seller, who then obtains a letter of credit for a supplier. Back-to-back letters of credit occur whe..., The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "Large African antelope (3)", 3 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required. , The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "african antelope (3)", 3 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required., Answers for AFRICAN ANTELOPE crossword clue. Search for crossword clues ⏩ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22 Letters. Solve crossword clues ..., The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "spread clumsily (4)african antelope (5)", 4 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . A clue is required., The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "S African antelope (9)", 9 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required., Possible answers: I. M. P. A. L. A. O. R. Y. X. E. L. A. N. D. G. N. U. O. R. I. B. I. N. Y. A. L. A. W. I. L. D., The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "oxlike antelope", 5 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required.